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Antenatal Care - Treatment
Interventions are needed for male involvement that do not such reinforce harmful gender norms or increase risk for violence, stigma or discrimination. “Evidence for effectiveness of male involvement in PMTCT programs is scant” (Beckham et al., 2015: 67). One study only evaluated male involvement as accompanying their pregnant partner to ANC care with no HIV related outcomes listed and tasking the woman to require her male partner to come to ANC (Nyondo et al., 2015). Most approaches only reach men through their pregnant spouse, with no services for men beyond HIV testing and use men as an instrument solely to increase access to services by women. Men have been denied involvement in antenatal care, birth and delivery even if the couple so chooses.
Antenatal Care - Treatment
1 study
Strategies, including legal strategies, are needed to empower pregnant women living with HIV to ask questions, be properly informed and to challenge stigma, disrespect and abuse. [See also %{s:67}] Consequences for violating patient confidentiality, redress for women with HIV facing discrimination in facilities, and stigma reduction efforts are needed to increase adherence to cART, prior to, during and post pregnancy, including training for providers.
Antenatal Care - Treatment
1 study