Showing 1 - 12 of 12 Results for "child labor"

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Triple therapy, when used for treatment or prophylaxis through the postpartum period reduces mother-to-child HIV transmission. [See also %{s:45}].
Postpartum
14 studies Gray I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, V CD4 counts, HAART, PMTCT, breastfeeding, formula feeding, treatment Botswana, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Southern Africa, Tanzania, Uganda
In addition to the use of antiretroviral drug regimens for either treatment of the mother’s health or prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV, elective cesareans (if safely available) may further reduce the risk of vertical transmission.
Delivery
2 studies Gray IIIb, V HAART, PMTCT, cesarean section, delivery Brazil
Scaling up PMTCT programs increases the number of women who know their serostatus and improves HIV knowledge.
Structuring Health Services to Meet Women’s Needs
3 studies Gray IV, V HIV testing, PMTCT, antenatal care, treatment Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire
Legal challenges to redress rights violations for women can advance women’s human rights.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
5 studies Gray V Solomon Islands, discrimination, family planning, gender, health services, marital rape, sexual violence, sterilization Chile, Kenya, Namibia
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
Care and Support
In some countries, three generations have been affected by HIV (Oladokun et al., 2010a). Even as incidence declines, there is a clear need to continue meeting the needs of children orphaned and made vulnerable due to HIV and AIDS. "Nowadays there is a deadly disease called AIDS. This disease is only treated but not cured. Anyone can be infected -- male, female, young, old, rich, poor, educated...
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of the infant’s life with a gradual decrease in breastfeeding results in lower rates of HIV transmission to the infant, reduced infant mortality, and improved infant growth compared to mixed feeding or abrupt weaning. Where clean accessible water is not available, breastfeeding after six months reduces infant mortality.
Postpartum
12 studies Gray II, IIIa, IIIb CD4 counts, PMTCT, breastfeeding, breastfeeding PMTCT, formula feeding, infant feeding, mixed feeding, treatment Côte d’Ivoire, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
Safe Motherhood and Prevention of Vertical Transmission
In 2007, only an estimated 18% of pregnant women were offered HIV tests (ITPC, 2009). "The purpose of antenatal VCT should be to help a woman prepare for a possible positive HIV diagnosis [and] to provide her with information about PMTCT options" (De Bruyn and Paxton, 2005: 145). In developing country settings, between eight and ten percent of women report having received PMTCT interventions (P...
Women and Girls
Care and Support
By all estimates, most care and support is provided in the home and women provide two-thirds or more of that care and support (Ogden et al., 2006; Homan et al., 2005b; Akintola, 2006; UN, 2008b; Nyangara et al., 2009b; Surkan et al., 2010). However, this means that one-third of care and support is provided by men, and some have argued that making this more visible can shift gender norms and inc...
Safe Motherhood and Prevention of Vertical Transmission
Three vital components of AIDS programming for women living with HIV are ensuring safe motherhood through access to health care before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth; ensuring access to treatment; and ensuring access to services to prevent vertical HIV transmission. While much progress has been made in reducing vertical transmission, more could be done. A recent demographic model sh...
Programs that promote the strength of families and offer family-centered integrated economic, health and social support result in improved health and education outcomes for orphans.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
6 studies Gray IIIb, IV, V OVC, children, community care, community-based care, counseling, family, grandparents, orphans, sexual behavior, support groups Botswana, China, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Antenatal Care - Treatment
Safe Motherhood and Prevention of Vertical Transmission
Antiretroviral treatment (ART) for women living with HIV is vital to ensuring safe motherhood and reducing vertical transmission. But not all pregnant women access treatment. For women in high-income countries where access to triple therapy during pregnancy has been the standard of care and is near universal, rates of vertical HIV transmission are as low as 0.4%, for example, in Canada (Forbes ...
Community organizing and mobilization, including "know your rights" initiatives and engagement with customary leaders, can help women claim their legal rights and minimize the impact and further spread of HIV.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
12 studies Gray IIIb, IV, V community organizing, drug use, legal rights, peer education, peer support, property rights, sex work, training India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe