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HIV Testing and Counseling for Women Gap
Affordable incidence assays need to be developed which will distinguish new and recent HIV infections. No affordable incidence assays, which can detect recent and new infections, have been developed or have to be used with conditions that no longer exist, such as lack of access to ARVs. Such an incidence assay could be used to assess impact of particular programmatic efforts and distinguish between older and more recently acquired HIV infections.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Further efforts are needed to determine the optimal frequency of testing in order to minimize HIV transmission in a cost-effective way. In some settings, testing for acute infection is warranted which would require testing every three to six months. A study found that 12% of women and 10% of women who had reported testing HIV-negative were found to be seropositive one to two years later. Modeling studies have found that screening one time, annually, can be cost-effective and that yearly testing in a high incidence area found that potential high-risk transmission with high viral load could be reduced by yearly HIV testing.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Further efforts are needed to ensure optimal counseling strategies and topics, with detailed information about accessing treatment and risk reduction. Studies found that women who went for an HIV test prior to marriage felt they did not need another HIV test for the duration of the marriage and that pre-test counseling was important. Providers do not feel comfortable asking about sexual practices. Studies have found that those who test HIV-negative engage in a high frequency of sexual risk behaviors.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study
Enforcement of standard protocols is needed to reduce the risk of provider coercion in HIV testing, particularly in provider-initiated testing and counseling. Studies found that significant numbers of women reported that they could not refuse an HIV test or that HIV testing was mandatory.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
1 study