Showing 1 - 6 of 6 Results for "Moldova"

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(Farabee and Leukefield, 1999; Dolan et al., 1998, cited in Farmer, 1999).
Women Prisoners and Female Partners of Male Prisoners
2 studies Gray IIIb, V Western Europe, harm reduction, needles, prisoners, razors Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Moldova
Adolescent girls who use drugs need risk reduction programs to meet their needs. A study found high rates of HIV risk behaviors among adolescent girls who use drugs, especially those who lived on the streets, as well as high rates of forced sex. Risk behaviors start at early ages (up to 30% reported being under age 15 when they first injected) (UNICEF, 2013; UNESCO, 2012c), yet younger girls who inject drugs are not being reached by existing harm reduction and HIV prevention services. Current guidelines also do not consider how best to reach adolescents (Krug et al., 2015). Age restrictions hinder adolescent access to services (Krug et al., 2015).
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
1 study
Laws and practices that obstruct adolescents’ access to services, such as parental consent requirements, age, and marital status requirements, must be aligned with the actual behavior of adolescents. Studies found that legal requirements restricted adolescents from getting tested for HIV even if they were sexually active and at risk for HIV. "There is a strong evidence base that the stigma, discrimination and criminalization affecting adolescent key populations aged 10 to 17 is intensified due to domestic and international legal constructs that rely on law-enforcement based interventions dependent upon arrests, pre-trial detention, incarceration and compulsory ‘rehabilitation’ in institutional placements," particularly among adolescents who sell sex or inject drugs (Conner, 2015: para 1).
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Making opioid agonist treatment available in prisons can be effective in reducing HIV transmission.
Women Prisoners and Female Partners of Male Prisoners
3 studies Gray I, II, IIIb drug treatment, harm reduction, needles, opioids, prisoners Indonesia, Iran
Women Prisoners and Female Partners of Male Prisoners
Prevention for Key Affected Populations
"... Prisons have been largely neglected in the global response to the HIV pandemic" (Angora et al., 2011: 1244). Comprehensive HIV prevention, voluntary testing, care and treatment are often not provided in pretrial detention, even where these services exist in the community (Csete, 2011). "Many prison systems limit access to antiretroviral therapy, according to country reports to UNAIDS" (UNA...
Addressing Violence Against Women
Strengthening the Enabling Environment
Violence, in addition to being a human rights violation, has been clearly demonstrated as a risk factor for HIV (WHO, 2010f; Stephenson, 2007; Jewkes et al., 2006a; Manfrin-Ledet and Porche, 2003; Dunkle et al., 2004; Quigley et al., 2000b; Silverman et al., 2008). Analysis of DHS data in Rwanda showed that currently married women with few, if any, sexual risk factors for HIV but who have exper...