Showing 1 - 20 of 22 Results for "Europe"

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(Farabee and Leukefield, 1999; Dolan et al., 1998, cited in Farmer, 1999).
Women Prisoners and Female Partners of Male Prisoners
2 studies Gray IIIb, V Western Europe, harm reduction, needles, prisoners, razors Central Asia, Eastern Europe, Moldova
Promoting condoms, either in individual or group sessions, along with skills training, provision of condoms, and motivational education can increase condom use.
Male and Female Condom Use
1 study Gray I South America, condom use, condoms, education Africa, Asia, Europe, North America
(Metzger and Navaline, 2003 cited in Strathdee et al., 2006; Demaan et al., 2002 cited in Strathdee et al., 2006; Metzger et al., 2003 cited in Strathdee et al., 2006; Ball et al., 1988 cited in Strathdee et al., 2006; Bruce, 2010; Roberts et al., 2010).
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
10 studies Gray I, IIIa, IIIb, IV PWID, drug treatment, drug use, opioids, pregnancy, sexual partners, transmission Australia, Europe, Malaysia, Taiwan, United States
Routinely offered testing that is voluntary and accompanied by counseling is acceptable to most women.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
9 studies Gray II, IIIb, IV, V HIV testing, PMTCT, antenatal care, pregnancy Botswana, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Europe, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, United States, Zimbabwe
Antiretroviral therapy initiated at CD4 counts between 350 and 550 can result in fewer serious HIV-1-related clinical events or death.
Provision and Access
6 studies Gray II, IIIa, IIIb CD4 counts, HAART, treatment Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Canada, Côte d'Ivoire, Europe, India, Kenya, Malawi, North America, South Africa, Thailand, United States, Zimbabwe
Frequent viral load monitoring can result in better health outcomes, including improved adherence and early identification of drug resistance.
Adherence and Support
3 studies Gray IIIb Europe and Canada, Mali, adherence, and France, the United States, treatment, viral load monitoring Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Haiti, India, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Thailand, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Comprehensive harm reduction programs, including needle exchange programs, condom distribution, agonist therapy and outreach, and nonjudgmental risk reduction counseling can reduce HIV risk behaviors and prevalence among PWID.
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
10 studies Gray I, II, IIIa, IIIb HIV testing, PWID, PWID drug treatment, condom use, counseling, drug treatment, drug use, harm reduction, health education, needle distribution, needle exchange, needles Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, China, Europe, India, Nepal, Russia, United States
Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy results in improved quality of life and reduced mortality.
Provision and Access
12 studies Gray I, II, IIIa, IIIb CD4 count, CD4 counts, Czech Republic, Mali, Morocco, TB, Thailand and Uganda, and Zimbabwe, mortality rates, preventive therapy, quality of life, treatment, tuberculosis Argentina, Australia, Botswana, Brazil, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Estonia, Europe, Haiti, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Peru, Poland, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Thailand, USA, Uganda
Antiretroviral therapy has been successfully administered with good adherence, good patient retention, and good clinical outcomes in resource-poor settings, including humanitarian settings, with increased patient survival; results have been similar to those achieved in resource-rich countries.
Provision and Access
15 studies Gray I, IIIa, IIIb CD4 counts, HAART, Jamaica, Mali, South America, conflict, displaced persons, life expectancy, treatment Africa, Angola, Asia, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Europe, Ghana, Haiti, India, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nigeria, North America, Rwanda, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Legislation is needed to ensure migrants are not denied access to services, which can increase the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV.
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
1 study
Research is needed on what different factors affect adherence among men and women.
Adherence and Support
1 study
Interventions are needed to increase adherence for adolescents. Multiple studies from developed and developing countries reported young age as a risk factor for treatment interruption and that adolescents were less adherent to antiretroviral therapy than adults.
Adherence and Support
1 study
Interventions for pregnant women and their partners to stay HIV-negative or reduce HIV transmission are needed. [See also %{c:11} and %{c:13}] Pregnancy is a time of high risk for HIV acquisition. Home-based partner education for couples with no reports of interpersonal violence may be more effective than clinic based interventions, especially when women can opt-out of disclosing their sero-status. A systematic review found that incident infection (i.e. recently acquired during pregnancy) resulted in up to a 15-fold higher risk of vertical transmission.
Antenatal Care - Treatment
1 study
Additional support for pregnant women living with HIV who face violence is needed, including establishing proper mechanisms for seeking redress, along with more research on mental health and maternal morbidity among women living with HIV.
Antenatal Care - Treatment
1 study
Women and men need accurate information on vertical transmission, treatment adherence strategies, the importance of their viral load and the low risk of vertical transmission if virally suppressed. Adherence has been challenging for women living with HIV postpartum, even for those initiating ART during pregnancy at CD4 counts under 350, with adequate adherence dropping from 75.7% during pregnancy to 53% postpartum globally (Nachega et al., 2012 cited in Coutsoudis et al., 2013). Knowledge of HIV and vertical transmission has shown to be correlated with increased initiation, adherence and retention for pregnant women living with HIV.
Antenatal Care - Treatment
1 study
Decriminalization of drug possession and drug use and legalized comprehensive harm reduction services can significantly reduce HIV infections among people who use drugs, compared with persistent or growing rates in countries where such services are restricted or blocked by law. (Global Commission on HIV and the Law, 2012: 29). [See also %{s:11}]
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
6 studies Gray IIIb, V Czech Republic, Portugal, criminalization, drug use, methadone, needles, opiate substitution therapy Canada, China, Estonia, Switzerland
Prevention for Key Affected Populations
Some women are particularly at risk of HIV acquisition due to their occupational exposures, their behavior or that of their sexual partner(s), their sexual identity and/or their sexual orientation. These women live in particularly challenging situations and have high vulnerability to HIV infection and low access to HIV services (Beyrer et al., 2011). UNAIDS defines key populations as those most...
Consistent use of male condoms can reduce the chances of HIV acquisition by more than 95% (IOM, 2001).
Male and Female Condom Use
4 studies Gray I, IIIb, V Eastern and Southern Africa, condom use, condoms Brazil
Hepatitis
Preventing, Detecting and Treating Critical Co-Infections
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most often caused by a virus. The most common types of viruses are hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D and hepatitis E. "Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and are not known to cause chronic liver disease" (WHO, 2010c). A vaccine exists for hepatitis A and a meta-analysis of eight studies fr...
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
Prevention for Key Affected Populations
Despite injecting drug use being a main driver of the HIV epidemic in many parts of the world, evaluated tailored responses for women who use drugs or for female sexual partners of men who use drugs have not matched the needs of this population. Injecting drug use is globally widespread and the main driver of the HIV epidemic in some parts of the world. Approximately 16 million people in 148 co...