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Results for "health services"
Results
PMTCT-Plus (family-focused) HIV care can increase the numbers of women and their partners who access treatment and remain adherent. Note: This should not be implemented in any way that prejudices women who do not want to disclose to partners (see overview).
Antenatal Care - Treatment
4 studies
Gray
IIIa, IIIb
PMTCT Plus, PMTCT-Plus, pregnancy, treatment
Africa, Botswana, Côte d’Ivoire, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia
Women and Girls
By all estimates, most care and support is provided in the home and women provide two-thirds or more of that care and support (Ogden et al., 2006; Homan et al., 2005b; Akintola, 2006; UN, 2008b; Nyangara et al., 2009b; Surkan et al., 2010). However, this means that one-third of care and support is provided by men, and some have argued that making this more visible can shift gender norms and inc...
Women Prisoners and Female Partners of Male Prisoners
"... Prisons have been largely neglected in the global response to the HIV pandemic" (Angora et al., 2011: 1244). Comprehensive HIV prevention, voluntary testing, care and treatment are often not provided in pretrial detention, even where these services exist in the community (Csete, 2011). "Many prison systems limit access to antiretroviral therapy, according to country reports to UNAIDS" (UNA...
Sex and HIV education with certain characteristics (see introduction) prior to the onset of sexual activity may be effective in preventing transmission of HIV by increasing age at first sex and, for those who are sexually active, increasing condom use, testing, and reducing the number of sexual partners.
Mitigating Risk
17 studies
Gray
I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
Bahama, adolescents, behavior change, condom use, contraception, low- and middle-income countries, pregnancy, seroconversion, sex behavior, sex education, sexual partners, testing
Africa, Brazil, Kenya, Mexico, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, United States
Community outreach and mobilization can increase uptake of HIV testing and counseling by reaching clients who may not present at a hospital or clinic.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
8 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
HIV testing, adolescents, community, community outreach, community-based testing, counseling, couples, health facilities, malaria, support groups, tuberculosis
Indonesia, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling can be acceptable, feasible and lead to high uptake of HIV testing among TB patients.
Tuberculosis
6 studies
Gray
IIIb, IV, V
TB, co-infection, counseling, screening, testing
China, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Rwanda, South Africa
Strengthening the Enabling Environment
In order for HIV and/or AIDS interventions for women and girls to succeed, factors beyond the health services need to be addressed through multisectoral interventions. These environmental factors include gender norms that guide how girls and boys grow to be women and men, legal norms that confer or withhold rights for women and girls, access to education, income, levels of tolerance for violenc...
Adherence and Support
"I'm 18 years, you are telling me drugs for life?" --Woman living with HIV in Uganda (Hsieh, 2013: 11)Treatment adherence is necessary to continually suppress the virus. Adherence to ART leads to better virological outcomes, prevents disease progression and improves survival (Nachega et al., 2010a; Nachega et al., 2010c). Conversely, inadequate adherence leads to drug resistance, which can then...
Delivery
For women with HIV, there is little evaluated evidence available regarding delivery options, though research has shown that by substantially lowering viral load, HAART can diminish the advantage of a cesarean section in reducing perinatal transmission (Sharma and Spearman, 2008; Rongkavilit and Asmar, 2011; Coovadia and Newell, 2012). Cesarean sections are not always available or safe in many d...
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
Knowing ones HIV serostatus is the first step in getting the appropriate treatment and care. According to UNAIDS, fewer than 40% of those living with HIV are aware of their serostatus (UNAIDS, 2010c). In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, more than 80% of people living with HIV do not know their positive serostatus (Anand et al., 2009). Global consensus exists that greater knowledge of HIV status is ...
Postpartum
Postpartum care is the most neglected aspect of maternal health, yet a time of high risk for maternal mortality. "The majority of maternal deaths occur during or immediately after childbirth; ...up to half of all newborn deaths occur within the first 24 hours of life" (WHO et al., 2011c). While many women access antenatal care, much fewer women globally have access to postnatal care. For exampl...
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
In some countries, three generations have been affected by HIV (Oladokun et al., 2010a). Even as incidence declines, there is a clear need to continue meeting the needs of children orphaned and made vulnerable due to HIV and AIDS.
"Nowadays there is a deadly disease called AIDS. This disease is only treated but not cured. Anyone can be infected -- male, female, young, old, rich, poor, educated...
Expanding distribution of female condoms may increase female condom use, thus increasing the number of protected sex acts and preventing HIV acquisition and transmission.
Male and Female Condom Use
6 studies
Gray
IIIb
STIs, counseling, female condoms, sex workers, sexual partners
Brazil, China, Kenya, Madagascar, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
Male circumcision has now been shown in three randomized clinical trials to reduce the risk of HIV acquisition for men by 50-60% (Auvert et al., 2005; Bailey et al., 2007; Gray et al., 2007). Male circumcision at birth as part of postnatal care could result, upon sexual initiation and during his lifetime, in a reduction in the risk of HIV acquisition. Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) ...
