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Results for "training"
Results
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
Given that most HIV transmission occurs through sexual intercourse, it is critical to include a sexual and reproductive health lens in HIV programming. In fact, several European governments have recently revised their international policies, recognizing that HIV/AIDS is a sexual and reproductive health issue (Germain et al., 2009).
All women have the right to decide freely and responsibly on t...
Reducing Stigma and Discrimination
"...Three decades into the epidemic, stigmatization remains a core feature of the patient experience of HIV/AIDS" (Gilbert and Walker, 2010: 144). Or as one woman living with HIV in Thailand put it: "It does not matter how many thousand people have HIV/AIDS... I would say that only zero percent will accept people living with HIV/AIDS" (Liamputtong et al., 2009: 865). Stigma and discrimination h...
Increasing Access to Services
While the literature on access to HIV services by adolescents is limited, the literature on access to sexual and reproductive health services more broadly demonstrates that youth-friendly approaches can increase use of reproductive health care services by female adolescents (Gay et al., 2015). Young peoples service needs are frequently overlooked in HIV programming that is not specifically for ...
HIV testing and counseling (HTC) can help women know their HIV status and increase their protective behaviors, particularly among those who test HIV-positive.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
14 studies
Gray
I, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
HIV testing, condom use, condoms, contraception, counseling, couples, disclosure, education, health facilities, sex behavior, sexual partners, sexually transmitted infections
Botswana, Dominican Republic, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Trinidad, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Decentralization and integration of HIV services may increase adherence and early access to ART. [See also %{c:25}]
Adherence and Support
7 studies
Gray
I, IIIa
Central African Republic, adherence, and Zimbabwe, health facilities, health services, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, treatment
Cambodia, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Uganda, Zambia
Pre-Conception
Although many women do not learn their HIV status until they become pregnant, for those women who know they are HIV-positive prior to choosing to become pregnant, pre-conception assessments may inform both her and her partner of the safest way to become pregnant without HIV transmission to the infant or HIV transmission between serodiscordant couples. Therefore, throughout their reproductive ye...
Advancing Human Rights and Access to Justice for Women and Girls
*Respecting, protecting and fulfilling womens rights, particularly the rights of the most marginalized women, is increasingly understood as fundamental to an effective HIV response. Laws reflecting unequal gender norms that discriminate against women may limit their ability to protect themselves from HIV infection. In many countries where women are most at risk for acquiring HIV, laws to protec...
Initiating HIV treatment before or during TB therapy can reduce the incidence of TB and increase patient survival for those living with HIV, including for patients with XDR TB.
Tuberculosis
8 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb, IV
HAART, HIV testing, TB, antiretrovirals, treatment
Ethiopia, South Africa, Spain, Thailand
Home testing, consented to by household members, can increase the number of people who learn their serostatus.
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
9 studies
Gray
I, IIIa, IIIb
HIV testing, condoms, counseling, disclosure, health facilities, home-based testing
Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia
Involving partners, with women’s consent, can result in increased testing and disclosure and may reduce risk of vertical transmission and infant mortality.
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
4 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb
HIV testing, PMTCT, STIs, antenatal care, condoms, counseling, pregnancy, sexual partners
India, Kenya, South Africa
Mitigating Risk
Young People Need Information
"I want to know if I can have a boyfriend because every time I ask my mum she tells me not to. I would also love to learn about safe sex and safe motherhood (14 year old adolescent girl living with HIV, Zambia cited in Mburu et al., 2013).
A review of the global literature on adolescents found that "there is a significant unmet need for information, education, an...
Mass media and social marketing campaigns provide young people with HIV information and are modestly effective in persuading both female and male adolescents to change risky behaviors.
Mitigating Risk
7 studies
Gray
I, IIIa, IIIb, IV, V
abstinence, adolescents, communication, condom use, condoms, female condom, mass media, media, sex behavior, sexual partners, testing, transmission
Botswana, Brazil, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nepal, Nigeria, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe
Counseling improves adherence.
Adherence and Support
6 studies
Gray
I, II, IIIa
adherence, and Zambia, community, community health workers, counseling, health care providers, support, treatment
Côte d'Ivoire, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania
Female Sex Workers
Sex workers, whose work involves sexual relations with multiple partners, are a key group of women who need access to comprehensive sexual health services, including HIV prevention, treatment and care. Programs that enhance sex workers' ability to use condoms are also vitally important (Lafort et al., 2010; Pisani, 2008). Unprotected sex with multiple partners puts sex workers at risk of HIV ac...
Antenatal Care - Testing and Counseling
In 2007, only an estimated 18% of pregnant women were offered HIV tests (ITPC, 2009). "The purpose of antenatal VCT should be to help a woman prepare for a possible positive HIV diagnosis [and] to provide her with information about PMTCT options" (De Bruyn and Paxton, 2005: 145). In developing country settings, between eight and ten percent of women report having received PMTCT interventions (P...
HIV Testing and Counseling for Women
Knowing ones HIV serostatus is the first step in getting the appropriate treatment and care. According to UNAIDS, fewer than 40% of those living with HIV are aware of their serostatus (UNAIDS, 2010c). In parts of sub-Saharan Africa, more than 80% of people living with HIV do not know their positive serostatus (Anand et al., 2009). Global consensus exists that greater knowledge of HIV status is ...
Prevention and Services for Adolescents and Young People
The interventions in this section should also be viewed in conjunction with other topics where young women are included. Studies with adolescent-specific data are also included in the following sections: %{c:5}; %{c:7}; %{c:11}; %{c:13}; %{c:17}; %{c:21}; and %{c:23}.
HIV among adolescents is a growing concern. UNAIDS notes that adolescent girls and young women are a key population in danger o...
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of the infant’s life with a gradual decrease in breastfeeding results in lower rates of HIV transmission to the infant, reduced infant mortality, and improved infant growth compared to mixed feeding or abrupt weaning. Where clean accessible water is not available, breastfeeding after six months reduces infant mortality.
Postpartum
12 studies
Gray
II, IIIa, IIIb
CD4 counts, PMTCT, breastfeeding, breastfeeding PMTCT, formula feeding, infant feeding, mixed feeding, treatment
Côte d’Ivoire, Malawi, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
