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Showing 61 - 80 of 160 Results for "Kenya"

Results

Additional efforts are needed to reduce HIV stigma so that women will present at health care settings with malaria symptoms and be willing to test for HIV before the development of more serious complications.
Malaria
1 study
Young women, in particular, need access to services and treatment for HIV and malaria during the perinatal period because they are more likely to be pregnant for the first time.
Malaria
1 study
Interventions are needed to increase condom access by women. Studies found inadequate supplies of condoms to have protected sex.
Male and Female Condom Use
1 study
Family-friendly interventions are needed for women and couples who use drugs so that women are not forced to choose between harm reduction programs and caring for their families.
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
1 study
Greater efforts are needed to involve men in sexual and reproductive health.
Meeting the Sexual and Reproductive Health Needs of Women Living With HIV
1 study
Programs are needed to reduce violence against women who test HIV-positive and/or are already living with HIV. A study found that HIV-positive women report that they were subjected to violence upon disclosure of their serostatus. Women living with HIV continue to experience violence (Hale and Vazquez, 2011). A study of serodiscordant couples found that intimate partner violence was more frequent in those who were HIV positive (2.7% as compared to 2.2%). Those women who suffered from violence prior to couples testing continued to experience violence (Were et al., 2011).
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
Interventions are needed to assist parents dying of AIDS with planning for the future well-being of their children. [See also %{s:61}] Studies found that many parents dying from AIDS had not written wills nor provided custody arrangements for their children.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
1 study
Providers and HIV testing counselors need training on female condoms to promote use. Studies found that providers and counselors need training in order to be able to promote female condom use.
Male and Female Condom Use
1 study
Prevention and treatment information and services are needed for women and young people in crises-affected settings, particularly at the end of an armed conflict. Studies found low levels of HIV knowledge and condom use among IDPs. End of war may increase HIV transmission. Issues concerning HIV should be included in resettlement plans.
Women and Girls in Complex Emergencies
1 study
Increased training is needed for providers to discuss sexuality and pleasure with adolescent youth who need reproductive health services. A analysis of fictional narratives written by young people aged ten to 24 concerning HIV found that young people criticized the lack of skills by providers to discuss issues of sex and pleasure as well as conceptualizing rape as a punishment for girls who do not abstain from sex.
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Programs must continue to promote protective behavior such as condom use in addition to male circumcision. Studies found that male circumcision is only partially effective, making protective behavior such as partner reduction and condom use, in addition to circumcision, essential. Men who have been circumcised can still transmit HIV to women if they are HIV-positive. Until healing is complete following circumcision, men are more likely to transmit HIV. A post hoc analysis found the HIV-1 acquisition rate among partners of men who remained uncircumcised was 7.9% during the first 6 months after enrollment compared with 27.8% for partners of men who were circumcised and then resumed sexual activity prior to documented healing of the surgical wound, a substantially increased risk.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
1 study
Interventions are needed to scale up CD4 count screening, especially for pregnant women. A study found that several barriers limited CD4 cell count screening in rural areas, including “availability of laboratories equipped to perform CD4 cell count enumeration, reagent stockouts, and lack of sample transport systems” (Carter et al., 2010: 408). For mothers with CD4 counts above 500, there may be a low risk of HIV transmission through breastfeeding, though further research is necessary.
Postpartum
1 study
Successful strategies are needed to increase adherence to ART among adolescents and reduce loss to follow up. A study found that adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 24 living with HIV were more likely, following treatment initiation, to have higher viral loads, higher rates of virological failure and greater low to follow up from services. Another study found that adolescents (ages 9 to 19) had poorer virological outcomes compared to young adults (ages 20 to 28). A review found few estimates on viral suppression among ages 10 to 19 (All in End Adolescent AIDS, 2015c). A specialized HIV management program could not retain a substantial proportion of those who tested positive for HIV in care. A review of studies of adherence among adolescents and children in Lower and Middle Income countries found that most studies were cross-sectional with age data ranging from six months to 21, limiting the ability to define which strategies are key to increasing adherence among ages 10 to 19. Cognitive behavioral therapy can be further explored as a strategy to increase adherence in adolescent populations.
Increasing Access to Services
1 study
Programs are needed that link interventions addressing HIV/AIDS and child abuse. One report found that no PEP access guidelines exist for children who were raped and were under the age of 14. Other studies found high risk behavior among those who had been sexually abused as children.
Addressing Violence Against Women
1 study
The increased vulnerability of female-headed households requires targeted interventions. Studies found that female-headed households risk losing farmland and property and need targeted interventions.
Women and Girls
1 study
Increased financial and other support is needed for adults, especially grandparents, caring for orphans, including those who are HIV-positive. Studies found families caring for orphans lacked adequate food and nutrition and reported financial difficulties in meeting basic needs.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
1 study
Interventions are urgently needed to help girls enroll (and stay) in school. [See also %{s:65}] Studies found that girls affected by HIV are more likely to be out of school, despite the protective factor of education in reducing the likelihood of HIV acquisition.
Orphans and Vulnerable Children
1 study
Women, especially married women, ongoing education about the role of condoms in preventing HIV acquisition and transmission, along with condom negotiation skills. A study found that women did not believe that condoms reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Another study found that married women of alcoholic men are aware of risks of contracting HIV from their husbands but reported difficulty in negotiating condom use as well as violence.
Male and Female Condom Use
1 study
Programs for male circumcision need to provide women, as well as men, with detailed factual knowledge of the benefits and risks of voluntary medical male circumcision. Surveys found that women lacked detailed factual knowledge of the benefits and risks of voluntary medical male circumcision and believed that if their male partner was circumcised (whether medically or traditionally) that condom use was unnecessary to protect them from acquiring HIV. Both women and men needed knowledge that abstinence is necessary during wound-healing. Women also need to know that female genital cutting does NOT protect against HIV acquisition or transmission. Women reported that circumcised men adopted risky sexual behaviors. Women feared that medical male circumcision would reduce their ability to negotiate for safer sex and would increase violence. A study of women who acquired HIV found that a large proportion of women reported not knowing whether their partner was circumcised.
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision
1 study
Interventions are needed to inform women who use drugs of harm reduction early in pregnancy and to ensure systematic access to opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy and in hospitals for birth and postpartum. Some studies have shown increased risk adverse health impacts as well as of vertical transmission among women who use drugs which may be mitigated by harm reduction [See %{s:45}]
Women Who Use Drugs and Female Partners of Men Who Use Drugs
1 study